C# String Type: Manipulating Strings:

Comparing Strings:
The Compare method accepts two string parameters and returns the following int results:

. string 1 < string 2 = negative
. string 1 == string 2 = zero
. string 1 > string 2 = positive

An empty string,””, is always greater than null.

string str1="Mairaj";
                   string str2="Ahmed";
          int Result = String.Compare(str1, str2);
          Console.WriteLine("String.Compare({0}, {1}) = {2}\n",str1, str2, Result);

Some other methods for comparing strings are
·         String.CompareOrdinal(str1,str2)
·         Str1.CompareTo(Str2)
Checking for String Equality:
string str1="Mairaj";
                   string str2="Ahmed";
          bool result=str1==str2;
          Console.WriteLine("boolResult: {0}", result);

The result will be false because the two strings are not equal.
Another method for checking equality is

bool result = String.Equals(str1, str2);

Concatenating Strings:


          string str1="Mairaj";
                   string str2="Ahmed";
          string result=str1+" "+str2;
          Console.WriteLine("Resulted string is " + result);

Here is output:
“Resulted string is Mairaj Ahmed”
Here a space is inserted between two strings and concatenated together.

Copying Strings:

·         The Copy () method returns a copy of a string.

string str1="Mairaj";
          string str2;
                   str2 = string.Copy(str1); 
          Console.WriteLine("str2 is " + str2);

Here is output:
          “str2 is Mairaj”

·         CopyTo () method copies specified characters into a character array:

          string str1 = "Mairaj Ahmed Minhas";
          char[] charArr = new char[str1.Length];
str1.CopyTo(7,charArr,0,5);
Console.WriteLine("{0}.CopyTo(0, charArr, 0, str1.Length) = ",str1);

foreach(char character in charArr)
{
Console.Write("{0} ", character);
}
Console.WriteLine("\n");

The output produced by this is
A h m e d
This example shows the CopyTo method filling a character array. It copies each character
from str1 into charArr, beginning at position 7 and continuing for next five characters.

·         The Clone () method returns a copy of a string.
          string str1 = "Mairaj Ahmed Minhas";
          string result = (string)str1.Clone();
Console.WriteLine("string is "+ result);

Here is oiutput:

“String is Mairaj Ahmed Minhas”

Inspecting String Content:

·         The StartsWith () method determines whether a string prefix matches a specified string.

          string str1 = "Mairaj Ahmed Minhas";
          bool result = str1.StartsWith("Ma");
Console.WriteLine("Result is {0} ", result);

The result will be true because str1 startswith “Ma”

·         The EndsWith () method determines whether a string suffix matches a specified string.

string str1 = "Mairaj Ahmed Minhas";
          bool result = str1.EndsWith("Ma");
          Console.WriteLine("Result is {0} ", result);

The result will be false because str1 do not end with “Ma”

Extracting String Information:
·         The IndexOf () method returns the position of a string. IndexOf () returns –1 if the string isn’t found.

          string str1 = "Mairaj Ahmed Minhas";
          int result = str1.IndexOf('A')
Console.WriteLine("Index of A is {0} ", result);

Here is output:
“Index of A is 7”

·         The LastIndexOf () method returns the position of the last occurrence of a string or characters within a string.

 string filePath = @"c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework";
      int result = filePath.LastIndexOf(@".");
      Console.WriteLine("Last index of . is {0} ", result);

Here is output:
“Last index of . is 20”

·         Substring () methods returns a string extracted from a string value.

string str1 = "This is C# program";
          string result = str1.Substring(5, 5);
          Console.WriteLine("Substring is "+result);

Here is output:
“Substring is is on”



Trimming String Output:
·         The Trim () method removes whitespace or a specified set of characters from the beginning
and ending of a string.

string str1 = "     This is one line        ";
                   string result = str1.Trim();
          Console.WriteLine(result);
Here is output:
“This is one line”
·         If you are concerned about trimming only one side of the string, you can use either
TrimEnd () or TrimStart ().
The TrimEnd () method removes a specified set of characters from the end of a string.

string str1 = "     This is C# program        ";
                   string result = str1.TrimEnd();
          Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“        This is C# program”

·         The TrimStart () method removes whitespace or a specified number of characters from the beginning of a string

string str1 = "     This is C# program        ";
              string result = str1.TrimStart(new char[] {' '});
     Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“This is C# program            ”

Modifying String Content:

·         The Insert () method returns a string where a specified string is placed in a specified position of an original string. All characters at and to the right of the insertion point are pushed right to make room for the inserted string.

      string str1 = "This is C# program";
         string result = str1.Insert(18, " one");
          Console.WriteLine(result);
           
Here is output:
“This is C# program one”

·         The Remove () method deletes a specified number of characters from a position in a string.

string str1 = "This is C# program";
                   string result = str1.Remove(0, 8);
Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“C# program”

·         The Replace () method replaces all occurrences of a character or string with a new character or string, respectively.

string str1 = "This is C# program";
          string result = str1.Replace('p', 'P');
    Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“This is C# Program”

·         The ToLower () method returns a copy of a string converted to lowercase characters.

string str1 = "This is C# program";
          string result = str1.ToLower();
          Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“this is c# program”

·         The ToUpper () method returns a copy of a string converted to uppercase characters.

      string str1 = "This is C# program";
          string result = str1.ToUpper();
     Console.WriteLine(result);

Here is output:
“THIS IS C# PROGRAM”

Splitting Strings:

·         The split method () splits a string from a character passed to it.

string s = "there is a cat";
string[] words = s.Split(' ');//Split by space
          foreach (string word in words)
            {
                Console.Write(word);
            }

Here is output:
“thereisacat”

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